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Preparación Work & Holiday
Cada nivel incluye vocabulario con ejercicios, gramática con ejemplos y práctica, listening, reading, writing y speaking. Usa el botón 🤖 para preguntar dudas.
💡 Haz clic en cada tarjeta para ver la traducción y ejemplo.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con la emoción correcta:
1. I am very today because I passed the exam.
2. She feels because her friend left.
3. He is about the interview.
4. I'm about the trip to Australia!
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa:
1. Can I see the , please?
2. The food is very !
3. I have a for two people.
4. Can I have the ?
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa:
1. She is a at the school.
2. My is very friendly.
3. I have a job tomorrow.
4. The wants to buy a car.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa la dirección:
1. at the traffic light.
2. The bank is the park.
3. Go for 200 metres.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa la hora:
1. 3:15 = It's .
2. 5:30 = It's .
3. 8:45 = It's .
Uso: Hábitos, rutinas, hechos generales.
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo (s/es en 3ra persona)
Adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never
Posición: Antes del verbo principal, después de "be"
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con presente simple:
1. She in a bank.
2. I breakfast at 7am.
3. He tennis every weekend.
4. The bus at 9am.
5. She like coffee. (negativo)
Uso: Acciones terminadas en el pasado con momento definido.
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo pasado (-ed o irregular)
Verbos irregulares comunes:
| Presente | Pasado | Presente | Pasado |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | eat | ate |
| see | saw | buy | bought |
| come | came | take | took |
| have | had | make | made |
✏️ Ejercicio — Pasado simple:
1. I Cusco last year.
2. She to the market yesterday.
3. We pizza last night.
4. He a new car last week.
Going to: Planes e intenciones futuras
Will: Decisiones espontáneas, predicciones
¿Cuándo usar cada uno?
✏️ Ejercicio — Going to o Will:
1. I visit my family next week. (plan)
2. It's cold — I close the window. (decisión)
3. She start university in September. (plan)
A/An: indefinite (a book, an apple)
The: definite (the book on the table)
Plural: book→books, child→children, man→men, woman→women
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con a/an/the:
1. I need pen.
2. sun is very hot today.
3. She is engineer.
Sección 1: Conversaciones cotidianas — reservar hotel, preguntar por precios, hacer una cita.
Estrategia✏️ Ejercicio — Completa basándote en el audio:
1. I'd like to book a room for nights.
2. Could I have your and phone number?
3. The total cost is pounds.
4. Your room number is .
✏️ Ejercicio 2 — Completa:
1. My name is .
2. I want to come on morning.
3. Wednesday at works for me.
Texto: "Maria works in a bank in Lima. She starts work at 9am and finishes at 5pm. She likes her job because she enjoys helping people. On weekends, she usually visits her family."
Respuestas de 2-4 oraciones. Añade siempre una razón.
Otras preguntas:
1. Presente Simple:
"She in a bank."
"I breakfast at 7am."
2. Lee y responde:
"Maria starts work at 9am."
3. Vocabulary Review:
En ingles, los sustantivos se pluralizan siguiendo reglas especificas:
| Regla | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Agregar -s | book, car, dog | books, cars, dogs |
| Agregar -es (despues de s, sh, ch, x) | bus, dish, watch, box | buses, dishes, watches, boxes |
| Consonante + y - -ies | city, baby, story | cities, babies, stories |
| Vocal + y - -s | boy, key, day | boys, keys, days |
| Algunos terminan en -ves | knife, wife, leaf | knives, wives, leaves |
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| man | men | woman | women |
| child | children | foot | feet |
| tooth | teeth | mouse | mice |
| person | people | fish | fish |
Escribe el plural correcto:
1 box - | 2 baby - | 3 man - | 4 knife - | 5 tooth -
Los articulos determinan si hablamos de algo especifico o general:
| Articulo | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| A | Antes de sustantivos con consonante (indefinido) | a book, a cat |
| An | Antes de sustantivos con vocal (indefinido) | an apple, an hour |
| The | Cuando ambos sabemos de que hablamos (definido) | the book (el libro que mencionamos) |
| Sin articulo | Conceptos generales o abstractos | I like music. / Water is important. |
Completa con a, an, the o nada:
1. She is engineer.
2. I like coffee.
3. Please close door.
4. He bought new phone.
Se usan para senalar personas o cosas a distancia cercana o lejana:
| Cercano | Lejano | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | This (este/esta) | That (ese/esa) |
| Plural | These (estos/estas) | Those (esos/esas) |
Completa con this, that, these o those:
1. is my pen. (cerca)
2. are my friends. (lejos)
3. I dont like movie. (lejos)
Se usan para indicar que algo existe o esta presente:
| Forma | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| There is | Singular o incontable | There is a cat on the table. |
| There are | Plural | There are three cats. |
| There isnt | Negativo singular | There isnt any milk. |
| There arent | Negativo plural | There arent any books. |
| Is there...? | Pregunta singular | Is there a bank near here? |
| Are there...? | Pregunta plural | Are there any restaurants? |
Completa con is, are, isnt o arent:
1. There a hospital near my house.
2. There any supermarkets in this street.
3. There five students in the classroom.
| Preposicion | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| On | Sobre (superficie) | The book is on the table. |
| In | Dentro de | The cat is in the box. |
| At | En (punto especifico) | Im at home / at school. |
| Under | Debajo de | The dog is under the bed. |
| Behind | Detras de | The garden is behind the house. |
| Next to | Al lado de | The bank is next to the supermarket. |
| Between | Entre | The school is between the park and the library. |
| In front of | Enfrente de | Theres a car in front of the building. |
Completa con la preposicion correcta:
1. The cat is the sofa.
2. The school is the bank and the park.
3. My keys are the table.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. The school updated its last year.
2. She won a to study abroad.
3. Students feel a lot of .
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. has become very popular.
2. Young people value .
3. She works as a from home.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. We need more .
2. destroys natural habitats.
3. Companies must focus on .
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. is changing many industries.
2. The affects rural communities.
3. We need better to protect our data.
4. This company uses technology.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. A can lead to obesity.
2. is better than cure.
3. Exercise improves your .
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. Our is Sydney.
2. The hotel provides for three nights.
3. I need to go to the for my visa.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con la expresión:
1. , technology is very useful.
2. I with your opinion.
3. , I don't like the idea.
| Present Perfect | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| I have visited Australia. (experiencia) | I visited Australia in 2023. (momento) |
| She has lived here for 3 years. (duración) | She lived in Lima for 2 years. (terminó) |
✏️ Ejercicio — Present Perfect o Past Simple:
1. I Australia. (experiencia)
2. I Australia in 2023. (momento)
3. She here for 3 years. (duración)
4. We to the beach last Sunday.
1er condicional (posible): If + presente, will + infinitivo
2do condicional (hipotético): If + pasado, would + infinitivo
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. If it , I will stay home.
2. If I more time, I would travel.
3. If she harder, she would pass.
Estructura: Sujeto + be + pasado participio
✏️ Ejercicio — Activa o Pasiva:
1. The bridge in 1998. (pasiva)
2. English in many countries. (pasiva)
3. They a new school. (activa)
"I am tired," she said. → She said she was tired.
Cambios: am→was, will→would, can→could, today→that day, tomorrow→the next day
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. "I happy." → She said she happy.
2. "I help you." → He said he help me.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa basándote en el audio:
1. The museum was established in .
2. It houses over artefacts.
3. The tour starts in the gallery.
4. The tour will last approximately .
✏️ Ejercicio 2 — Completa:
1. The meeting was moved to at .
2. We will use room instead.
Texto: "Urban green spaces have been shown to reduce stress levels among city residents, although researchers note that the effect varies depending on the size and accessibility of the park."
Describe gráficos objetivamente — sin opinión.
Lenguaje útilEstructura: Sujeto + verbo reporting + (pronombre) + frase (cambiando tiempo/pronombre)
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| "I am tired," she said. | She said she was tired. |
| "I have finished," he said. | He said he had finished. |
| "I will call you," she said. | She said she would call me. |
| "I can help," he said. | He said he could help. |
| "I must go," she said. | She said she had to go. |
| "I went home," he said. | He said he had gone home. |
Verbos de reporting comunes: said, told, asked, explained, replied, mentioned, suggested
Cambios de pronombre: I→she, you→I/he, we→they, my→her, here→there, now→then, today→that day, tomorrow→the next day
✏️ Ejercicio — Convierte a reported speech:
1. "I am happy." She said she happy.
2. "I have eaten." He said he .
3. "I will help you." She said she help me.
4. "I can swim." He said he swim.
| Modal | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| must | Obligación fuerte (reglas, leyes) | You must wear a seatbelt. |
| have to | Obligación externa | I have to wake up early. |
| mustn't | Prohibición | You mustn't park here. |
| don't have to | No es necesario | You don't have to come. |
| can | Permiso / habilidad | You can leave early. |
| could | Permiso pasado / posibilidad | We could go to the beach. |
| should | Recomendación | You should exercise more. |
| might | Posibilidad débil | It might rain later. |
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con el modal correcto:
1. You stop at a red light. (obligación)
2. I work on Sundays. (no necesario)
3. You eat more vegetables. (recomendación)
4. She be late today. (posibilidad)
| Tipo | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Comparativo | more + adj + than / adj+er + than | Sydney is more expensive than Lima. |
| Superlativo | the most + adj / the + adj+est | This is the best restaurant. |
| Igualdad | as + adj + as | He is as tall as his father. |
| Desigualdad | not as + adj + as | This is not as good as I expected. |
Adverbios intensificadores: much, far, a lot, slightly, a little
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. Sydney is than Lima.
2. This is interesting book I've read.
3. He is his brother.
Futuro Perfecto: will + have + participio (acción completada antes de un momento futuro)
Conectores importantes:
| Función | Conectores |
|---|---|
| Añadir | furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides |
| Contraste | however, nevertheless, on the other hand, although |
| Causa | because, since, due to, as a result of |
| Consecuencia | therefore, consequently, as a result, thus |
| Ejemplo | for instance, for example, such as, to illustrate |
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. By December, I the course.
2. , there are some disadvantages.
3. She was tired, she went to bed early.
| Sustantivo | Adjetivo | Adverbio |
|---|---|---|
| education | educational | educationally |
| environment | environmental | environmentally |
| success | successful | successfully |
| importance | important | importantly |
| difference | different | differently |
Prefijos comunes:
| Prefijo | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| un- | no/opuesto | unhappy, unusual, unable |
| re- | de nuevo | rebuild, recycle, review |
| dis- | no/opuesto | disagree, disappear, dislike |
| mis- | mal | misunderstand, mislead |
| over- | demasiado | overwork, overeat, overcome |
| pre- | antes de | predict, prevent, preview |
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. She was in her exam. (sustantivo: success)
2. I with this idea. (prefijo: dis-)
3. We should plastic. (prefijo: re-)
1 min preparación + 1-2 min hablando.
1. Present Perfect o Past Simple:
"I Australia." (experiencia)
"I in 2023." (momento)
2. Condicional:
"If I more time, I would travel."
3. Reading:
Ambos significan "hacer" pero se usan en contextos diferentes:
DO - Actividades generales, tareas, rutinasCompleta con do o make:
1. Can you a phone call?
2. I need to the dishes.
3. She made a yesterday.
4. He does every morning.
| Tiempo | Uso | Senales | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pasado Simple | Accion terminada en el pasado | yesterday, ago, last week, in 2019 | I went to Paris last year. |
| Presente Perfecto | Experiencia pasada con conexion al presente | ever, never, already, yet, since, for | I have been to Paris twice. |
Completa con el tiempo verbal correcto:
1. I Japan three times. (experiencia)
2. She to Lima last year. (momento especifico)
3. We each other ten years.
Para formar la forma -ing, sigue estas reglas:
| Regla | Verbo | Forma -ing |
|---|---|---|
| Regla general: agregar -ing | work, play, eat | working, playing, eating |
| Quitar e silenciosa + -ing | make, write, dance | making, writing, dancing |
| Consonante-vocal-consonante: duplicar | run, swim, sit | running, swimming, sitting |
| -ie cambia a -ying | die, lie, tie | dying, lying, tying |
Escribe la forma -ing:
1 make - | 2 swim - | 3 write - | 4 die - | 5 run -
Se usa cuando la accion es mas importante que quien la realiza:
Estructura: Sujeto + BE + PASADO PARTICIPLE| Tiempo | Activa | Pasiva |
|---|---|---|
| Presente Simple | They make cars. | Cars are made (by them). |
| Pasado Simple | She wrote the book. | The book was written (by her). |
| Presente Perfecto | They have built a bridge. | A bridge has been built. |
| Futuro | They will open the store. | The store will be opened. |
| Presente Continuo | They are painting the house. | The house is being painted. |
Cambia a voz pasiva:
1. They clean the office every day. - The office every day.
2. She wrote three books. - Three books by her.
| Forma | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Will | Decisiones espontaneas, promesas, predicciones | "Ill help you." / "It will rain tomorrow." |
| Going to | Planes, intenciones, predicciones con evidencia | "Im going to study medicine." |
Cuando reportamos lo que alguien dijo, ajustamos tiempos y pronombres:
| Directo | Indirecto |
|---|---|
| "I am tired." | She said (that) she was tired. |
| "I have finished." | He said (that) he had finished. |
| "I will call you." | She said (that) she would call me. |
| "I can swim." | He said (that) he could swim. |
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. is transforming industries.
2. The company uses technology.
3. is replacing many jobs.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. A causes health problems.
2. has increased in recent decades.
3. Exercise improves .
| Función | Palabras | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Añadir | furthermore, moreover, in addition | "Furthermore, technology helps." |
| Contraste | however, nevertheless, on the other hand | "However, some disagree." |
| Causa/Efecto | consequently, as a result, therefore | "Therefore, action must be taken." |
| Ejemplos | for instance, such as, to illustrate | "For instance, in Japan..." |
| Conclusión | in conclusion, to sum up, overall | "In conclusion, benefits outweigh drawbacks." |
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con el conector:
1. , some people disagree with this view.
2. , technology has improved communication.
3. , the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. connects economies worldwide.
2. Economic is growing in many countries.
3. brings cultural diversity.
4. undermines public trust in institutions.
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. creates new jobs.
2. The company's grew by 20%.
3. All were invited to the meeting.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa con la expresión:
1. exercise improves health.
2. There is about air pollution.
3. We must cultural differences.
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa basándote en el audio:
1. AI can reduce diagnostic errors by up to percent.
2. AI can detect certain types of .
3. Concerns include and ethical implications.
4. AI should be viewed as a tool to , not replace doctors.
Uso: Para enfatizar o dar un tono formal/literario.
| Tipo | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Adverbio inicial | Adverbio + aux + sujeto + verbo | Rarely does he arrive on time. |
| Solo | Only + complemento + aux + sujeto + verbo | Only by studying can you succeed. |
| Never | Never + aux + sujeto + verbo | Never have I seen such a beautiful place. |
| Hardly | Hardly + aux + sujeto + verbo + when | Hardly had I arrived when it started raining. |
✏️ Ejercicio — Reescribe con inversión:
1. I have never seen such a big city. → such a big city.
2. He rarely goes to the gym. → to the gym.
Uso: Para enfatizar un elemento de la oración.
| Tipo | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| It is/was... that/who | It + be + énfasis + that/who + resto | It was Maria who solved the problem. |
| What... is/was | What + sujeto + verbo + be + énfasis | What I need is more time. |
✏️ Ejercicio — Completa:
1. John broke the window.
2. is more practice.
3. in 2019 I started learning English.
Uso: Convertir verbos/adjetivos en sustantivos para texto académico más formal.
| Verbo/Adjetivo | Sustantivo | Ejemplo académico |
|---|---|---|
| destroy | destruction | The destruction of forests is alarming. |
| improve | improvement | There has been a significant improvement. |
| decide | decision | The decision was made by the committee. |
| important | importance | The importance of education cannot be overstated. |
| develop | development | Rapid development has environmental costs. |
| contribute | contribution | She made a valuable contribution to the field. |
✏️ Ejercicio — Nominaliza:
1. The city destroyed many buildings. → The of buildings was devastating.
2. They improved the system significantly. → There was a significant in the system.
3. Education is very important. → The of education is well known.
Wish + pasado simple: Deseo sobre el presente
Wish + past perfect: Arrepentimiento sobre el pasado
If only: Énfasis en el deseo
Subjunctive: Mandatos formales, deseos, dudas
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. I wish I more money. (presente)
2. I wish I harder for the exam. (pasado)
3. It is important that she on time. (subjunctive)
| Phrasal Verb | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| come up with | idear/inventar | She came up with a great idea. |
| get rid of | deshacerse de | We need to get rid of old furniture. |
| look forward to | esperar con ansias | I look forward to meeting you. |
| put up with | tolerar | I can't put up with the noise. |
| run out of | quedarse sin | We ran out of time. |
| turn down | rechazar | She turned down the job offer. |
| bring up | criar/mencionar | He was brought up in Peru. |
| figure out | descubrir/resolver | I can't figure out this problem. |
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. She a brilliant solution.
2. We milk yesterday.
3. He was by his grandparents.
3er condicional: If + pasado perfecto, would have + participio
Mixed conditional: Mezcla pasado y presente
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. If I harder, I would have passed.
2. If she earlier, she would have caught the bus.
3. If I that job, I would be richer now.
| Relativo | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| which | Cosas | The book, which I borrowed, is good. |
| who/whom | Personas | The scientist, who won the award. |
| whose | Posesión | The student whose essay won. |
| where | Lugares | The university where I studied. |
✏️ Ejercicio:
1. The book, I borrowed, is interesting. (cosa)
2. The student essay won is here. (posesión)
3. The university I studied is in Sydney. (lugar)
Estas estructuras hacen el texto más fluido y académico — útiles en Writing Task 2.
Preguntas analíticas. Usa: opinión → razón → ejemplo → matización.
Practice Task: Describe a person who has influenced you.
You should say:
✏️ Práctica — Completa la respuesta:
1. I'd like to talk about my teacher, taught me for three years.
2. most is his dedication.
3. one meet such a dedicated person.
Discussion questions:
Key expressions used: to some extent, it could be argued that, that said, it is often argued that, a compelling case
Key expressions used: it is widely believed that, there is a growing concern, in light of, take into account
Key expressions used: it is often argued that, the merits outweigh, in my opinion, to what extent
Topic: Some people believe that technology has made our lives more complex. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
✏️ Práctica — Completa el ensayo:
1. modern technology has made our lives complex.
2. that technology creates dependency.
3. technology has improved quality of life.
4. We must that progress is inevitable.
1. 3er Condicional:
"If I harder, I would have passed."
2. Cláusula relativa:
"The book, I borrowed, is good."
3. Escribe una thesis: "Universities should focus on practical skills."
| Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|
| Modal + be + past participle | This problem can be solved easily. |
| Have to + be + past participle | The forms have to be signed by tomorrow. |
| Should + be + past participle | More attention should be paid to safety. |
| Must + be + past participle | All rules must be followed. |
Unless = Si no (equivalente a "if not"):
| Expresion | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Unless | A menos que / Si no | Ill go unless it rains. |
| As long as | Mientras que / Siempre que | You can stay as long as you want. |
| Provided that | Siempre que / Con la condicion de que | Ill lend you the money provided that you pay me back. |
| In case | En caso de que | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
| Even if | Incluso si | I would go even if it snowed. |
Completa con unless, as long as o provided that:
1. You can borrow my car you drive carefully.
2. I wont call you its urgent.
3. You can pass the exam you study hard.
| Conector | Tipo | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Although / Even though | Concesion (con oracion) | Although it was cold, we went out. |
| Despite / In spite of | Concesion (con sustantivo/gerundio) | Despite the rain, we had fun. |
| However | Contraste | It was expensive. However, it was worth it. |
| Nevertheless / Nonetheless | Contraste fuerte | He was tired. Nevertheless, he continued working. |
| Therefore / Thus | Consecuencia | He studied hard. Therefore, he passed the exam. |
| Furthermore / Moreover | Adicion | The hotel is cheap. Furthermore, its near the beach. |
| Phrasal Verb | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| get up | Levantarse | I get up at 7 AM. |
| get along with | Llevarse bien con | I get along with my coworkers. |
| get over | Superar | She got over the breakup quickly. |
| get rid of | Deshacerse de | I need to get rid of old clothes. |
| get away with | Salirse con la suya | He got away with cheating. |
| Phrasal Verb | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| take off | Despegar / Quitarse | The plane took off on time. |
| take over | Hacerse cargo | She took over the project. |
| take up | Empezar (hobby) | He took up photography. |
| take after | Parecerse a | She takes after her mother. |
| take place | Ocurrir | The event took place last Friday. |
| Phrasal Verb | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| put off | Posponer | Dont put off until tomorrow. |
| put up with | Soportar | I cant put up with the noise. |
| put out | Apagar | They put out the fire quickly. |
| put on | Ponerse (ropa) | Put on your jacket. |
| Phrasal Verb | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| turn down | Rechazar / Bajar (volumen) | She turned down the offer. |
| turn up | Aparecer / Subir (volumen) | He turned up late to the party. |
| turn out | Resultar | It turned out to be a great day. |
| turn into | Convertirse en | The caterpillar turned into a butterfly. |
Completa con el phrasal verb correcto:
1. I need to these old newspapers.
2. She the job offer.
3. The plane will in 30 minutes.
| Prefijo | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| un- | No / opuesto | unhappy, unable, unusual |
| re- | Otra vez / de nuevo | redo, rebuild, reread |
| pre- | Antes de | preview, predict, prevent |
| dis- | No / opuesto | disagree, disappear, dishonest |
| mis- | Mal / incorrectamente | misunderstand, mistake, mislead |
| over- | Demasiado / encima | overwork, overcome, overlook |
| under- | Bajo / insuficiente | understand, underestimate, underpaid |
| inter- | Entre / mutuamente | international, interview, interact |
| trans- | A traves de / cambiar | transport, translate, transform |
| Criterio | Cómo mejorarlo |
|---|---|
| Task Achievement | Lee la pregunta 2 veces |
| Coherence | Un párrafo = una idea |
| Lexical Resource | Usa sinónimos |
| Grammar | Combina tiempos |